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Outbreak Timeline

Major hantavirus outbreaks and milestones from 1993 to the present. Data sourced from CDC, WHO, ProMED, and peer-reviewed literature.

1993North America

Four Corners Outbreak — USA

The first recognized HPS outbreak in the American Southwest. 48 confirmed cases with ~57% case fatality rate. Sin Nombre virus identified as causative agent. Deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) established as primary reservoir.

48 cases · 27 deathsFirst HPS identification
1995South America

Andes Virus Identified — South America

A distinct HPS-causing hantavirus, Andes virus, identified in Argentina and Chile. Critically, Andes virus is the only known hantavirus capable of human-to-human transmission, documented in cluster cases among close contacts.

Multiple clustersOnly person-to-person transmissible strain
1996–1998South America

South American Outbreak Wave

Series of HPS outbreaks in Patagonia (Argentina and Chile) caused by Andes virus. Outbreak linked to El Niño–driven increase in rodent populations following high vegetation productivity. Chile establishes national surveillance.

100+ cases across regionEl Niño climate link established
1999Central America

Panama Outbreak

Choclo hantavirus causes HPS outbreak in Panama. Three new hantavirus species identified in Central America. Surveillance gap exposed in the region between North and South American monitoring networks.

12 confirmed casesChoclo virus discovery
2005–2010Europe

European HFRS Surge

Recurring epidemic years of Puumala virus (HFRS/nephropathia epidemica) in Finland, Sweden, and Germany, correlating with bank vole population peaks. Germany reports record HFRS cases in 2007 and 2010.

Thousands of cases annuallyEuropean HFRS seasonal pattern confirmed
2012North America

Yosemite Curry Village Outbreak — USA

Confirmed HPS cases among visitors staying in Signature Tent Cabins at Yosemite National Park. Nationwide health alert issued. Park conducted extensive rodent-proofing and cabin replacements. High-profile outbreak raised public awareness in the USA.

10 confirmed cases · 3 deathsMajor public awareness event
2018–2019South America

Chile Andes Virus Resurgence

Increased Andes hantavirus activity in southern Chile and Patagonian Argentina. Reports of person-to-person transmission clusters. Chilean health authorities issue travel advisories for Patagonia region.

30+ casesHuman-to-human transmission clusters
2022–2023Europe

German Puumala Record Season

Germany records one of its highest-ever HFRS case counts, concentrated in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. Linked to record bank vole populations following a mast year (high beech nut production). Over 2,800 cases reported.

2,800+ cases in Germany aloneRecord European HFRS season
2024Global

Elevated Global Signals

Increased hantavirus reporting across multiple continents. Argentina, Germany, Russia, and China all show elevated signal counts. Monitoring networks identify potential correlation with post-COVID wildlife and rodent population changes.

Data under reviewPost-pandemic rodent dynamics
2026Global

Ongoing Surveillance Period

HantaData launched to provide real-time global hantavirus signal tracking. Elevated signals detected across South America, Europe, and Asia. 25+ sources monitored continuously for emerging outbreak patterns.

Active monitoringReal-time global tracking begins
Sources: CDC Hantavirus, WHO Disease Outbreaks, ProMED-mail, ECDC HFRS Reports. For current signals, visit the live dashboard.