Hantavirus causes two main diseases depending on the virus strain and geographic region: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS). Information based on CDC and WHO guidelines.
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
HPS is the primary disease in the Americas, caused by viruses including Sin Nombre (USA), Andes (South America), and several others. It primarily affects the lungs.
Incubation Period
1–5 weeks
Average 2–3 weeks
Case Fatality Rate
30–40%
Americas strains
Primary Vector
Deer Mouse
Peromyscus maniculatus
Region
Americas
North & South America
Early (Days 1–5)
- •Fatigue and muscle aches
- •Fever (38–40°C / 100–104°F)
- •Headache
- •Dizziness
- •Chills
- •Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
No respiratory symptoms yet — easily mistaken for flu
Late (Days 5–10)
- •Shortness of breath
- •Dry cough
- •Fluid accumulation in lungs
- •Rapid progression
Respiratory symptoms appear suddenly
Critical
- •Severe respiratory failure
- •Low blood pressure
- •Cardiogenic shock
- •Requires ICU / ventilator
Most deaths occur at this stage
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)
HFRS is prevalent in Europe and Asia, caused by Hantaan, Seoul, Puumala, and other viruses. It primarily affects the kidneys rather than the lungs.
Incubation Period
2–4 weeks
Range 1–8 weeks
Case Fatality Rate
1–15%
Varies by strain
Primary Vectors
Multiple
Bank vole, yellow-necked mouse
Region
Europe & Asia
Also Seoul virus — worldwide
Five Clinical Phases
Febrile
3–7 days
Sudden fever, headache, back/abdominal pain, flushing
Hypotensive
Hours–days
Blood pressure drop, shock risk (Hantaan most severe)
Oliguric
3–7 days
Reduced urine output, kidney failure, fluid overload
Diuretic
Days–weeks
Excessive urination, electrolyte imbalance
Convalescent
Weeks–months
Gradual recovery, most patients recover fully
Seek Immediate Medical Attention If
You experience fever + respiratory difficulty or kidney symptoms after potential rodent exposure. There is no specific antiviral treatment — early supportive care is critical. Do not wait for confirmation before seeking help.